The first effect in your effect-chain is not going to be affected by any other effect you put on top of it whereas your last effect in your effect-chain is going to affect all effects below it.
Here are some practical examples that you should watch out for when setting up your effect-chains.
EQ:
Your EQ should almost always be the last effect in your chain. If you use your EQ to clean up the sound or get rid of unnecessary low-end – putting effects like reverb or saturation after the EQ is going to reintroduce unnecessary frequencies which won't be cut away by the EQ.
Reverb:
Your reverb can be one of the first effects in your chain but doesn't have to be depending on which other effects you want to put on the chain. If you use distortion, for example, putting the distortion after the reverb is going to distort the reverb as well whereas if you put the distortion before the reverb, the reverb is going to sound clean.
Sidechain:
Your sidechain effect should also be one of the last effects in your chain. If you have other effects like reverb or delay on your chain set up after the sidechain – your reverb and delay won't duck.
Compression:
Your compressor should be set up somewhere in the middle of your chain. If you put it after your reverb, it is going to help bring out the reverb a bit more whereas if you put it before the reverb, it won't affect it at all. Also, ideally, your compressor should be placed before your sidechain as a compressor after the sidechain would reduce the ducking effect of your sidechain.
There are many other types of effects that you should look out for when setting up your effect-chain – but those four are some of the easiest to mess up and cause an unknowingly muddy mix.
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