Self organising steel balls explain metal heat treatment

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Metals have a crystal structure. But they're not one big crystal, they're lots of small crystals called grains. The size of the grains affects the physical properties of the metal, like hardness, toughness, strength, mailability, ductility, plasticity. Heating a metal can change the size of the grains. This ball bearing model demonstrates annealing.

Ductility is dependent on how far dislocations are able to travel in the metal which is dictated by grain size.

Original ball bearings video here:

Other metal heat treatment videos here:



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Image credits:

First microscope grain image (1:11):
Tugsataydin


Second microscope grain image (1:19):
Edward Pleshakov


Dislocation diagrams (4:14, 4:18):
Cdang


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